In this review, we provide an overview of the current FDA-approved therapies in PAH and discuss the associated clinical trials and reported-side effects. Extensive research efforts have led to the emergence of innovative therapeutic approaches in the area of PAH. None of them offers a cure against PAH, and the median survival rate remains less than three years from diagnosis. While the current FDA-approved drugs showed improvements in quality of life and hemodynamic parameters, they have shown only very limited beneficial effects on survival and disease progression. Traditional medications for treating PAH include the prostacyclin analogs and receptor agonists, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, endothelin-receptor antagonists, and cGMP activators. Most of the available drugs and FDA-approved therapies for treating pulmonary hypertension attempt to overcome the imbalance between vasoactive and vasodilator mediators, and restore the endothelial cell function. Because we are the manufacturer, we also have the flexibility of being able to provide customized solutions in certain circumstances, based on the exact application needs.Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal lung disease of multifactorial etiology. Our familiarity with exotic materials allows us to offer solutions for variables that are frequently hard to accommodate. We also offer other instrumentation that can handle excessive amounts of flow, pressure, and temperature. While KOBOLD offers a wide variety of instrumentation that meets most standard application needs, we are also able to meet extraordinary application needs that can be hard to find solutions for. INSTRUMENTATION ABOVE AND BEYOND THE STANDARD Because our models are both sophisticated and easy to use, they are very popular among end users. Our innovative instrumentation delivers that highest standards of service and can handle complex automated processes. Thanks to internationally recognized BUS interfaces, most of our models can be easily adapted into already established automated processes. Our technical solutions can be easily integrated into a wide variety of systems in many industrial sectors. MEASURING, CONTROLLING AND AUTOMATING WITH KOBOLD ![]() We are here to help you develop and select the best solution for your system, and eliminate the challenges that can come in selecting the most optimal and economical equipment for your application. Our expert engineers are always available during business hours to help you choose your KOBOLD solution, and their decades of experience are an asset that we are proud of. We believe in serving and supporting our customers and our products and have made customer service a priority. Our years of experience and our excellence in customer service and technical support have built our industry reputation as the partner of choice. Our technologies offer a solution oriented way to control the most diverse variables. Always on the leading edge, we offer a comprehensive portfolio of reliable instrumentation that is found in a vast array of applications all over the world. Some of our products have set the bar in the industry, helping to shape the field of industrial instrumentation into what it is today. KOBOLD and its affiliate companies have been and continue to be leaders in the field of industrial measuring and control equipment. INDUSTRIAL MEASURING AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT Accessories, including magnetic filters, needle valves, regulating valves, control devices and relays.Temperature switches, temperature gauges and temperature transmitters. ![]()
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